ID: 1@1
2015-08-20T13:03:30.456Z
Question:
In the example below, the scientific method is used to solve an everyday problem. Order the scientific method steps (numbered items) with the process of solving the everyday problem (lettered items). Based on the results of the experiment, is the hypothesis correct? If it is incorrect, propose some alternative hypotheses.
| Scientific Method | Everyday process | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Observation | A | There is something wrong with the electrical outlet. |
| 2 | Question | B | If something is wrong with the outlet, my coffeemaker also won’t work when plugged into it. |
| 3 | Hypothesis (answer) | C | My toaster doesn’t toast my bread. |
| 4 | Prediction | D | I plug my coffee maker into the outlet. |
| 5 | Experiment | E | My coffeemaker works. |
| 6 | Result | F | What is preventing my coffeemaker from working? |
A:
The original hypothesis is correct. There is something wrong with the electrical outlet and therefore the toaster doesn’t work.
The original hypothesis is incorrect because the toaster may be broken or was not turned on.
B:
The original hypothesis is incorrect. Alternative hypothesis includes that toaster wasn’t turned on.
The original hypothesis is incorrect because when the coffee maker was plugged in it worked. Therefore, it is incorrect to hypothesize that there is something wrong with the outlet. Alternative hypothesis includes that the toaster wasn’t turned on.
C:
The original hypothesis is correct. The coffee maker and the toaster do not work when plugged into the outlet.
The coffee maker works when plugged into the outlet, but the toaster doesn’t. Alternative hypothesis includes that the toaster wasn’t turned on.
D:
The original hypothesis is incorrect. Alternative hypotheses includes that both coffee maker and toaster were broken.
The coffee maker works in the mentioned situation but the toaster doesn’t. Alternative hypotheses suggests that the toaster might be broken or was not working.
In the phylogenetic tree shown, which organism is most distantly related to 2?
Phylogenetic trees can represent traits that are derived or lost due to evolution. One example is the absence of legs in some marine mammals. One such group is the Cetaceans, which includes toothed whales, such as dolphins and killer whales, and baleen whales, such as humpback whales. Cetaceans are descended from even-toed ungulates and share a common ancestry with the hippopotamus, cows, sheep, camel, and pig. Based on this phylogenetic tree, which of the following animal is the most closely related to a horse?
An atom may give, take, or share electrons with another atom to achieve a full valence shell, the most stable electron configuration. Looking at this figure, how many electrons do elements in group 1 need to lose in order to achieve a stable electron configuration? How many electrons do elements in groups 14 and 17 need to gain to achieve a stable configuration?
What property of carbon makes it essential for organic life?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is true?
Name the three functional groups in the compound pictured.
Complex polymers are built from combinations of smaller monomers. What type of reaction is shown and what is a product of the following reaction?
Pictured are two cells along with their radius. What does Cell B likely have when compared to cell A?
Consider the shapes. The diameter of the sphere is equal to
Simple cuboidal epithelial cells line the ducts of certain human exocrine glands. Various materials are transported into or out of the cells by diffusion. The formula for the surface area of a cube is
The sodium-potassium (
Paramecium are unicellular protists that have contractile vacuoles to remove excess intracellular water. In an experimental investigation, Paramecium were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?
An experiment was set up to determine the movement of molecules through a dialysis-tubing bag into water. A dialysis-tubing bag containing
Phospholipids contain two fatty acid tails and a glycerol-phosphate head. Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid with four different forms: PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4 as shown in the chart. The phosphatidyl choline isoforms can be ranked in terms of estimated relative melting temperatures. Rank the isoforms from the lowest to highest estimated melting temperatures.
The diagram shows how plants take in and convert different substances from their environment. Describe the strategy that plants use and choose the best explanation of how it works.
Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease?
What kind of enzyme action is depicted in the model below and how does it work?
During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon dioxide gas is being produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of oxygen gas consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following?
What is Structure X in the graphic?
What reaction is illustrated in the graphic?
How does the equation relate to both photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Correctly label the indicated parts of a chloroplast.
If the stomata were sealed, what would happen to oxygen (
Based on the diagram, which would most likely cause a plant to run out of NADP?
Which of the following statements cannot be inferred from the karyotype shown?
Based on the karyotype provided, the nondisjuction of which chromosome causes Down Syndrome?
In a study on cell division, researchers culture synchronously dividing human cells with thymidine. This causes the cells to arrest at the
The insulin growth factor (IGF-1) promotes cell proliferation as shown in the diagram. The expression of which protein in the diagram is controlled through negative feedback?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between mitosis and asexual reproduction?
In a study on cell division, researchers culture synchronously dividing human cells with thymidine. This causes the cells to arrest at the G1/S boundary. The cells are then placed in medium lacking thymidine, which releases the block, and the cells begin to divide again. Starting with Sample A and ending with Sample D, the DNA content of the cells is measured at different times after thymidine is removed. Results for four samples (A-D) are shown in the graph. What would be the expected results in the cells were kept in medium lacking thymidine past the sample D time point (additional time points E and F)?
Using the tree above, what are the genotypes of the individuals labeled 1, 2 and 3?
Purple flowers (P) are dominant over red flowers (p) and long pollen grains are dominant over round pollen grains. When purple flowers and long pollen grain plants were crossed with plants with white flowers and round pollen grains, all the F1 plants showed purple flowers and long pollen grains. The F1 plants were crossed and the results are in the table: What conclusions about the physical relationship between the traits can be drawn from the experiment?
Female flies from the F1 generation were crossed with true-breeding male flies with black bodies and cinnabar eyes. The table below represents the predicted outcome and the data obtained from the cross. What was the assumption that lead to the predicted numbers?
In pea plants, smooth seeds (S) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (s). In a genetic cross of two plants that are heterozygous for the seed shape trait, the Punnett square is drawn below. What is the missing genotype?
For three traits inherited in a dominant/recessive pattern, what is the probability of an offspring in a trihybrid cross between parents heterozygous for all three traits to be recessive at exactly two of the three loci?
Refer to the table below. Explain with a diagram why the following combinations - gray body/cinnabar eyes and black body/red eyes - were observed in such low numbers.
The following figure represents a Drosophila linkage map for genes A-E. The numbers between the gene loci are the relative map units between each gene. Based on the linkage map, which two genes are most likely to segregate together?
Choose the statement that best describes how non-disjunction can result in an aneuploid zygote.
Which of the following symptoms is most likely associated with the disorder shown in the karyotype?
Which of the following gene orders is the most likely outcome of an inversion mutation in the chromosome shown?
Based on the diagram, which of the following statements is true?
A cross was made with true-breeding AABB flies and true-breeding aabb flies. The resulting F1 generation was then crossed with true-breeding aabb flies. Based on the linkage map, which of the following F2 generation genotype ratios is most likely to be observed?
What process is illustrated in the figure?
Information about four different DNA samples is provided below. The percentage of each base is shown. What can be concluded from the data below?
What is illustrated by the image below?
You are given three mRNA sequences:
What do figures X and Y in the graphic illustrate?
The level of transcription of a gene is tested by creating deletions in the gene as shown in the illustration. These modified genes are tested for their level of transcription: (++) normal transcription levels; (+) low transcription levels; (+++) high transcription levels. Which deletion is in an enhancer involved in regulating the gene?
The diagram provided shows different regions (1-5) of a pre-mRNA molecule, a mature-mRNA molecule, and the protein corresponding to the mRNA. A mutation in which region is most likely to be damaging to the cell?
What are regions 1 through 5 in the diagram?
The following diagram illustrates the role of p53 in response to UV exposure. What would be the result of a mutation in the p53 gene that inactivates it?
What happens when tryptophan is present?
Anabaena
is a simple multicellular photosynthetic cyanobacterium. In the absence of fixed nitrogen, certain newly developing cells along a filament express genes that code for nitrogen-fixing enzymes and become non-photosynthetic heterocysts. The specialization is advantageous because some nitrogen-fixing enzymes function best in the absence of oxygen. Heterocysts do not carry out photosynthesis but instead provides adjacent cells with fixed nitrogen and receives fixed carbon and reduced energy carriers in return. As shown in the diagram above, when there is low fixed nitrogen in the environment, an increase in the concentration of free calcium ions and 2-oxyglutarate stimulates the expression of genes that produce two transcription factors (NtcA and HetR) that promote the expression of genes responsible for heterocyst development. HetR also causes production of a signal, PatS, that prevents adjacent cells from developing as heterocysts. Based on your understanding of the ways in which signal transmission mediates cell function, which of the following predictions is most consistent with the information given above?
A group of students summarized information on five great extinction events. The students are sampling a site in search of fossils from the Devonian period. Based on the chart, which of the following would be the most reasonable plan for the students to follow?
Mosquitoes resistant to the pesticide DDT were first noted in India in 1959. DDT-resistant mosquitoes are now found throughout the world. The graph shows the results of a DDT spray program, in which mosquitoes were considered resistant if they did not die within 1 hour of a 4% DDT dosage. Which scenario best explains the relatively quick increase in DDT resistance among the mosquito population?
Examples 1 and 2 in the illustration show two different model of speciation. How is each type of speciation classified?
Which forms of evolution are most likely occurring in populations A and B? Explain your answer.
The population of a species shows changes as illustrated. Two possible future outcomes for the population are also shown. Which of the following can be concluded about this population from the illustration?
Which question, relating to the endosymbiotic hypothesis and the evolution of eukaryotes, is not answered by the eukaryote-first hypothesis, based on the figures below?
The phylogeny above shows the evolution of traits in vertebrates. Based on this phylogeny, a student asks “Does this mean that lizards, frogs and rabbits all possessed and an egg with amnion at some point in their evolution?” Based on the phylogeny, how should you respond to the student?
The tree above shows the phylogenetic relationships between four species. A scientist wishes to perform a genetic analysis on all four species in which she determines the number of genetic similarities between all four species. What would she likely find regarding the genetic similarities between species A, B, D and E?
The following shows a hypothetical model of the evolution of the cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria, which has a double membrane. If this hypothesis is true, what does it suggest about the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells and why?
In a hypothetical population of beetles, there is a wide variety of color, matching the range of coloration of the tree trunks on which the beetles hide from predators. The graphs below illustrate four possible changes in the beetle population as a result of a change in the environment due to pollution that darkened the tree trunks. What would be the most likely change in the coloration of the beetle population after pollution and why?
In a transformation experiment, a sample of
E. coli
bacteria was mixed with a plasmid containing the gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin (ampr). Plasmid was not added to the second sample. Samples were plated on nutrient agar plates, some of which were supplemented with the antibiotic ampicillin. The results of
E. coli
growth are summarized below. The shaded area represents extensive growth of bacteria; dots represent individual colonies of bacteria. Plates that have only ampicillin resistant bacteria include which of the following?
The phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary relationships between hypothetic taxa. Which of the illustrated taxa represent a polytomy?
The phylogenetic tree shows evolutionary relationships between hypothetic taxa. Which of the illustrated taxa represent sister taxa?
The following illustration shows a phylogenetic tree of crocodilians. Which of the following groups of organisms are considered to be clades?
Vertebrates share the ancestral character of a vertebrate. Within this group, two of the subgroups consist of amphibians that have the shared derived character of skin structure, and amniotes that have the shared derived character of an amniotic egg. Within the amphibians group, frogs form a clade, and salamanders and caecilians together form a clade. Within the amniotes, mammals form a clade, and reptiles and birds together form a clade. Which of the following phylogenetic trees is consistent with this information?
The following illustration shows a classical phylogenetic tree illustrating the three domains. How would this image be modified to make it more consistent with the web of life model?
What characteristics of the solar system would have to be known or calculated in order to send a probe to a distant planet, such as Jupiter?
The U.S. federal deficit in the
Describe the slope of the line.
Which relationship does the plot show?
A cyclist rides
Look at the figure. Find the distance traveled from the starting point for each path. Which path has the maximum distance?
What is the average velocity of the car?
What is the instantaneous velocity of the jet car at a time of
Calculate the average velocity of the object shown in the graph below over the whole time interval.
True or False: By taking the slope of the curve in the graph you can verify that the velocity of the jet car is
Describe what the runner’s motion looks like. How are average velocity for only the first four seconds and instantaneous velocity related? What is the runner’s net displacement over the time shown?
(a) Explain how you can use the graph of position versus time shown below to describe the change in velocity over time. Identify (b) the time
What kind of motion would create a position graph like the one above?
What is the average velocity for the whole time period shown?
Consider the graph. What is the rate of change of the velocity (acceleration) and the average velocity over the interval shown?
Use the graph to calculate the instantaneous acceleration at
Consider the velocity vs. time graph shown below of a person in an elevator. Suppose the elevator is initially at rest. It then speeds up for
A graph of velocity vs. time of a ship coming into a harbor is shown below. Describe the motion of the ship based on the graph.
Sketch a graph of velocity versus time corresponding to the graph of displacement versus time given in the figure below. Identify the time, or times, at which the instantaneous velocity is greatest, and the time, or times, at which it is negative.
What is the approximate average acceleration from 50 to 70 s?
Which of the following correctly describes if this object speeding up, and what would a graph of acceleration vs. time look like?
Consider the motion of the object whose velocity is charted in the above graph. During which points is the object slowing down and speeding up?
Divide the graph up into approximate sections and use that to graph the velocity versus time of the object. Then calculate the acceleration during each section, and calculate the approximate average velocity.
Using the data shown abone, calculate the average velocity.
Take the slope of the curve in the graph below to find the jogger’s velocity at
The graph shows the motion of a shark through the water over the course of a day. What is the total distance that the shark travels throughout the day and what is its net displacement?
A graph of velocity vs. time is shown for a world-class track sprinter in a 100-m race. Which of the following correctly gives his average velocity for the first 4 s and his instantaneous velocity at t = 5 s?
For the position versus time graph above what would the corresponding velocity graph look like?
Which of the following correctly describes the motion of the object depicted in the graph?
Break the velocity vs. time graph shown into sections and use them to construct a position vs. time graph. Describe the time interval at which the graph will have a negative slope.
Which of the following describes the velocity/time graph that would be constructed from the above position vs. time graph?
Which part, (a) or (b), is represented when the velocity vector is on the positive side of the scale and the acceleration vector is set on the negative side of the scale? What does the car’s motion look like for the given scenario?
True or False: The image shows a velocity vs. time graph for a jet car. If you take the slope at any point on the graph the jet car’s acceleration will be
In the figure given, what is
The mass of the mower is
Calculate the magnitude of force exerted by each rocket, called its thrust
A physics teacher pushes a cart of demonstration equipment to a classroom, as in Image 4.12 Her mass is
Add vector
A skier with a mass of
For the vectors
Four vectors
Calculate the angular speed of a car tire with a radius of
A car follows a curve of radius
1. Calculate the centripetal force exerted on a
A deep-sea fisherman uses a fishing rod with a reel of radius
Consider the father pushing a playground merry-go-round in CNX_HSPhysics_06_03_MerryGo. He exerts a force of
The Earth’s orbit is slightly elliptical, with a semi-major axis of
Compare the areas
A student wanted to use the string, pins, and pencil method to draw an ellipse. Her measurements showed that the ellipse was
During the 2007 French Open, Venus Williams hit the fastest recorded serve in a premier women’s match, reaching a speed of
Find the recoil velocity of a
Two hard steel carts collide head-on and then ricochet off one another in opposite directions on a frictionless surface. Cart 1 has a mass of
Suppose the following experiment is performed. A
Look at the wire cutters in picture. An electrician grips the handles
Explain why the wheel on a wheelbarrow is not a simple machine in the same sense as the simple machine shown in the picture.
The picture shows a posthole digger. To dig a hole, one holds the handles together and thrusts the blades into the ground. Next the handles are pulled apart which squeezes the dirt between them, making it possible to remove the dirt from the hole. This complex machine is composed of two pair of two different simple machines.
Which statement correctly describes the simple machines that make up Archimedes screw and the forces they apply?
Look at the pulley system on right-hand side of the image. Assume this is an ideal machine.
Look at the pruning shears in the picture. A gardener grips the handles
Person X in car X is traveling at